THE DYNAMICS OF NIYAMGIRI MOVEMENT

Abstract

Niyamgiri movement in Odisha is a major example of collective action and oppositional political activism in recent times.  Based on empirical research on Niyamgiri movement, this paper seeks to analyse the dynamics of the movement and thus contribute to movement studies. The Niyamgiri mining project in Kalahandi district of Odisha involving the endangered Dongria Kondh has brought into light the issues of displacement and rehabilitation along with cultural implications of development projects. Niyamgiri movement originated as a response to this bauxite mining project of Vedanta Alumina. It confronted the state and elites. Leadership emerged, mobilizing structures were made, collective identity was constructed, and arguments against mining were put forth. The movement also endured efforts at suppression. Finally, the Supreme Court Judgment in 2013, calling Niyamgiri villagers themselves to decide about the mining project, came as a landmark. The villagers unanimously voted against mining. Niyamgiri movement has lasting impacts. However, the movement is still navigating through turbulent waters.

Keywords: Development, Gram Sabha, Mining, Niyamgiri, Odisha, Rehabilitation