GREEN SYNTHESIS OF NANOPARTICLES &ITS APPLICATIONS: A REVIEW

Abstract

Inrecentyears,areaofmaterialscienceisfocusedtowardsthegreensynthesisofnanoparticlesin ordertofindoutreliable,sustainableaswellasecofriendlytechniqueforsynthesisofmetaland,metal oxidenanoparticles.Livingorganisms,especiallyplantsarewidelyutilizedforgreensynthesis of nanoparticleduetothepresenceof variousphytochemicalsandbiological components(e.g.,flavonoids,alkaloids,terepenoids,amides,andaldehydes)thatactasreducingagentsrendering synthesis of nanoparticles possible. Nanoparticles synthesized through green routesarefaster,easyascomparedtotraditionalmethodsofsynthesis.Moreover,thesenanoparticlesdemonstratemore stability. Thus plants are widely utilized as the source of reducing agents for large scale biosynthesisofnanoparticles.Inthisreview,wehavesummarizedthevariousthefundamentalmethodsfor“greensynthesis”ofmetalandmetaloxide[e.g.,gold(Au),silver(Ag),copperoxide(CuO),and zincoxide(ZnO)]nanoparticlesutilizingnaturalplantproducts,tryingtoexploretheroleofbiologicalcomponents,essentialphytochemicalsasreducingagentsandsolventsystems.Lastly,we have covered applications of biosynthesizednanoparticlesintermsoftheirantimicrobial activity,nanoparticlesinbiomedical,catalysisandbiosensorsfields.