WOMEN IN POLITICAL REPRESENTATION: CONCERNS AND OBSTACLES

Abstract

Women encounter numerous barriers when it comes to engaging in political activities. Discriminatory laws and organisations continue to impose structural impediments that restrict women's opportunities to pursue political office. The 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendments have significantly enhanced the political engagement of women and the functioning of grassroots democracy. These amendments have opened up fresh avenues for women to participate in local governance. The Indian government increased the quota for women in all levels of the Panchayati Raj system from 33 percent to 50 percent. Gender equality and equal opportunities for all genders are essential elements for the advancement of society and the maintenance of national and international security. Women's growing political involvement serves as a driving force for them to overcome conventional barriers to advancement, enabling them to attain greater leadership roles and develop the necessary skills and attributes to be effective political leaders. Research has demonstrated that women's engagement in politics yields numerous advantages for themselves, such as enhancing their personal and professional attributes and competencies. This, in turn, enables them to be more attentive and proactive in addressing public issues. Additionally, the inclusion of women in positions of power within local governance fosters positive relationships and outcomes. Thus, this study aimed to examine the perceived attributes and competencies of female political leaders in the context of their political engagement. Additionally, it sought to investigate the obstacles and gender-related encounters encountered by women in positions of political leadership.

Keywords: Political participation, Gender Equality, Empowerment, Challenges, Gender Experience.