POSTHUMANISM IN THE WORKS OF KATHLEEN RAINE

Abstract

Human origin, advancement and growth has been central to the literary themes of various authors, poets and writers belonging to a wide range of eras and periods. This brings the concepts of humanism and posthumanism central to the eyes of the researchers and scholars humanism undertakes and scholars. Humanism undertakes major areas of human achievements, potential and values whereas posthumanism on the other hand being considered different from humanism, questions the boundaries of human existence and contemplates the integration of technology with humanity. It looks towards critical examination of the ethical and social implications of these advancements various poets and authors have often taken up this theme to examine it from several other perspectives as well. Kathleen Raine is one among those eager for such quest and deals with it by adjudging it on the spiritual and mystical parameters. Some of her works have been discussed in the paper which reflects her point of view in the light of the theme of posthumanism. Kathleen Raine’s inclination towards philosophical and traditional aspects of human existence led her to become the founder of Temenos Academy in Britain. The Academy reflects her ideology to a great extent and the same has been elaborated upon in this paper. The paper also talks about several authors related to posthumanism. Raine was also highly influenced by Romantic poets like William Blake, W. B. Yeats, and P.B. Shelley etc. which also finds a mention here. The Jungian psychology was also something that Raine agreed upon and many of her works show up the same. Carl Jung’s impactful set of ideas moulded Raine’s thoughts. The paper also further discusses the eastern spiritual culture of monotheism that called for Raine’s attention. Thus, through this paper the concept of posthumanism has been given a wider angle and it has been seen through a diverse range of disciplines.

Key words; evolution, advancement, achievement, mysticism, spirituality, posthumanism, humanism, natural world, mythology, eastern monotheism.